USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE
Put in very simple terms, ‘ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE’ is the ability of a computer or a robot to perform tasks usually done by a human. The cultivation of human intelligence and discernment into computers for use in medicine is in infancy at the moment but holds promise in the future. Regardless of the format medical data is provided in, and AI can store and standardize it all. It may also aid with seeking the data. Some other innovations are quick diagnostic decision aids, drug discovery platform, clinical research, radiology reviews, pathology reports, emergency case management and robotics(including CPR and surgery). THIS article, however, will only discuss the implication of AI in three main areas: Diagnosis, drugs, and robotics. HELPING WITH DIAGNOSIS When used as a case triage tool, AI enables radiologists or cardiologists to review images and scans, identify critical cases, avoid potential errors in reading electronic health records (EHRs) and establish more precise diagnoses. In hospitals short on diagnostic radiologists, development of some apps can reduce the need for these trained health professionals. For example, AI imaging tools can screen chest x-rays for signs of tuberculosis, often achieving a level of accuracy comparable to humans. This will enable even low-income, marginalized hospitals to diagnose accurately and provide efficient treatment. Further, seventy percent of all decisions in healthcare are based on a pathology result. Digital pathology and AI have the integrated opportunity to make these results more accurate and we can get to the right diagnosis sooner. AI Neural networks are able detect more than 50 types of eye disease, by analyzing 3D retinal scans. Combining the powers of these AI algorithms with the powers of the physicians, early radiological detection of diseases including cancer and retinopathies can be made possible. Artificial intelligence can be helpful when it digs down into forecasting some diseases. AI can combine present signs of a patient with previous patients of similar history leading to early prediction and treatment. For example, Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be difficult to detect by clinicians but can cause patients to deteriorate very fast and become life-threatening. Using AI here can reduce life-long treatment and the cost of kidney dialysis. Settling fulling into the definition of AI, Corti is a tool that does not search for particular signals, but trains itself by listening to many calls from emergency patients in order to detect crucial factors. Corti helps with recognition of myocardial infarction and alertsthe staff at ER of hospitals, minimizing the time delays for treatment. This may also open a way for provision of customized care to patients. PLATFORM FOR DRUG DISCOVERY AND RESEARCH Another implication of AI is seen in provision of platforms for drug discovery and reduction in cost of medicine development. Atom Net, an AI tool again, was able to predict the binding of small molecules to proteins by analyzing hints from millions of experimental measurements and thousands of protein structures. Convolutional neural networks then identified a safe and effective drug candidate from the database searched. This lead to production of time and cost effective drugs at industrial level. Artificial intelligence algorithms can also identify new drug applications, tracing. their toxic potential as well as their mechanisms of action. This technology enables the company to repurpose existing drugs and bioactive compounds. This again economizes the budgets for medicine production. To mention the use of AI again, in 2015, during the West African Ebola virus outbreak, Atomwise partnered with IBM and the University of Toronto to enable an AI data analysis to help produce a medicine against the virus. This AI analysis occurred in less than a day, a process that would have usually taken months or years. AI ROBOTIC IMPLICATIONS IN HEALTHCARE CPR ROBOT is a mechanical device that delivers high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) chest compressions consistently from the moment crews arrive on the scene and throughout a patient’s journey to hospital without interruption. Still in its very initial stages, robotic surgery may come as a breakthrough of AI in near future. For example, AI controlled robots can provide a three-dimensional magnification for articulation and perform with more precision and miniaturization. AI enabled robots can perform basic acts of precision:a quetioncutting and stitching. In 2017, surgeons used AI powered robots to stich up small vessels with diameter of 0.03 to 0.08 mm. AI is still a long way to go before we can witness an AI utopia where robots would replace surgeons or nurses. However, for now they are excellent helpers that can reduce outcome variability CONCLUSION Thus, integrating AI into the healthcare ecosystem will allow for automated tasking to deliver better, cost-effective treatments by improving workflows and operations, assisting medical and nonmedical staff with repetitive tasks, supporting clinicians in finding faster answers to inquiries, and developing innovative treatments and therapies but this still is a long long way to go. AI advancement will require enormous research, trials, and addressing ethical issues but MOST IMPORTANTLY, breaking trust barriers between AI and humans. Whether AI can completely take over some medical fields such as radiology and surgery remains a question to be answered by the future! MAH NOOR REHMAN MBBS,4TH YEAR.
Hepatitis: A Silent Killer
With the sixth highest population in the world, Pakistan is a developing country that is severely impacted by Hepatitis. According to WHO, 150,000 individuals in Pakistan succumb to the disease every year, making public education about it urgently necessary. Therefore, following are key facts to remember on World Hepatitis day: What is Hepatitis? It is an inflammatory disorder of the liver, one of the most vital organs of the body. Its healthy function is critically necessary for survival, and is severely compromised in this condition. Hepatitis can harm the liver to the point where it develops scarring even cancer, and ultimately leads to death. What are its root causes? The most common causes of the condition are infections of Hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D and E which lead to viral hepatitis. In addition, alcohol/drug toxicity and certain autoimmune disorders contribute significantly to its prevalence. How is the virus transmitted? Viral hepatitis is of 5 distinct types according to the agent causing it and consequently, each type gets transmitted in different ways. Hepatitis A: It is primarily transmitted by the fecal-oral route, but inadequately treated water and close physical contact with an infected person are also to be blamed for its spread. It is a self limiting disease with only supportive therapy given through the disease period. Hepatitis B: It is a potentially life-threatening type that can be transmitted from an infected mother to a child (at the time of delivery/perinatal transmission) or by exposure to infected body fluids (such as saliva, vaginal and seminal fluids) including blood (by any type of needle stick injury). Hepatitis C: It spreads through transfusion of unscreened blood/blood products, using of poorly sterilized medical equipment, and re-using needles. Infection with this type of Virus is usually chronic and damages the liver over months and years destroying the structure and function of the organ. Hepatitis D: A very significant component in its occurrence is the presence of hepatitis B virus in the body; hence needle stick injuries are typically the cause of hepatitis B and D co-infection. Hepatitis E: Its spread is essentially linked to poor hygiene. It also spreads via the faeco- oral route like Hepatitis A. Usually through contaminated drinking water. Infection with this type of virus is also usually self limiting with only supportive therapy given through the disease. What are its symptoms? Even though Hepatitis is of multiple different types, yet symptoms are quite similar overall. An infected person usually presents to the hospital with complaints of: Fever Abdominal discomfort Dark colored urine Jaundice Fatigue Nausea Loss of appetite which eventually leads to anorexia. How is it diagnosed? Clinically, similarities in signs and symptoms make it challenging to differentiate one form of viral hepatitis from another. However, several laboratory techniques, such as RT-PCR, RNA assays and testing blood for antibodies against a particular virus, are beneficial in this regard. Additionally, tests might reveal a person’s hepatitis immunity or the length of their infection. Is hepatitis treatable? Yes, the treatment depends upon the severity and type of infection. A mild infection only requires antiviral and symptomatic therapy, whilst a fulminant infection may potentially necessitate a liver transplant. Furthermore, dosage and duration of the therapy vary depending upon presence of any other health conditions, and it is advised to avoid certain medications (acetaminophen) and alcohol during the treatment. Hepatitis A and E: Symptomatic therapy is sufficient for these infections because they resolve on their own. Hepatitis B: It is advised to administer oral antiviral medications (including interferon alpha-2b and lamivudine). Hepatitis C: The medications used to treat chronic hepatitis C (pegylated interferon alpha-2a and 2b) are different from those used to treat acute forms of the infection (interferon alpha-2b). Hepatitis D: Pegylated interferon-alpha is used to treat its infection and it is crucial to maintain the therapy for 48 weeks regardless of patient’s response. How can we prevent hepatitis? In recent years, cases of hepatitis have been surging, especially in developing nations; therefore, it is crucial to take the right prophylactic steps on a personal and organizational basis. Several preventative measures include: The availability of clean drinking water Proper sewage disposal Blood screening Good personal hygiene Proper cleaning of wounds Avoid re-using needles. Availability of vaccines Vaccines are available only against hepatitis A and B viruses, which can be administered as a combination as well. Separately, Hepatitis B vaccine can be given within the first 24 hours of life while first dose of hepatitis A vaccine is typically given between the ages of 12 to 23 months. Considering the high rates of illness and morbidity, especially in pregnant women and infants, it has become essential to take rapid action for the control of hepatitis. Hepatitis – Basil Saleem, SMDC Literary Society
Medical Observer ship Visit Johns Hopkins
Shahid Husain Foundation, Shalamar Hospital, and Johns Hopkins Medicine International (JHMI) are working to build Pakistan’s first Women’s Health Center. Two doctors – Dr. Sadaf Ishaq, Asst. Professor of Surgery / Oncology and Dr. Eisha Tahir, Assistant Professor of Radiology – from Shalamar Hospital, visited the JHMI, USA, in the first week of June 2022 for Medical Observership training to learn about best practices. Recently they returned after their first observership visit and delivered presentations on their learning experience and their plan to improve their respective departments for the development of the Women Health Center. Here’s what Dr. Sadaf and Dr. Eisha learned from their Medical Observership visit to Johns Hopkins Medical International (JHMI), USA. “My visit to JHMI was centered in the breast imaging unit at the Johns Hopkins main, Green Spring Station, and White Marsh Center. I shadowed Dr. Emily Ambinder, Dr. Phil Di Carlo, and Dr. Babita Panigrahi. The focus of this visit was learning about the latest imaging modalities and interventional procedures related to breast cancer screening & diagnosis. During observership, I primarily concentrated on screening & diagnostic mammography reporting, breast MRI reporting, stereotactic biopsy, clipping and wire localization, and MR-guided biopsy and clipping. JHMI is equipped with the latest imaging modalities and follows the ACR guidelines in their diagnostic workup and follow-up. “My clinical observership was in the breast centers of Johns Hopkins Hospitals at Bayview, Green Spring Station, and Skip Viragh cancer outpatient center. Dr. Mehran Habibi is the director Breast center at Johns Hopkins, and he was my breast surgery mentor there. I learned and trained on developing breast centers and hands-on practice on the latest breast cancer surgery tools available at Johns Hopkins like Margin Probe, Endomag, axillary surgery updates, and Oncoplastic procedures. Johns Hopkins’s latest research on breast cancer diagnosis and treatments, including their liquid DNA biopsies for breast cancer recurrences and much more practice-changing trends over there, this clinical observership boosted my confidence as a Breast Surgical Oncologist. This collaboration is a perfect opportunity for the young consultants to learn from the latest evidence-based practices and broaden their professional horizons.” ~ Dr Sadaf Ishaque Here what they have to say about their visit and learning over there. It was a refresher for “best practice.” Including value-added services in Shalamar Hospital and frequent communication with the JHMI consultants and administration will pave the way for patient benefit in the future. I would add that since my expectations and learning objectives were evident before my visit, hence it maximized my experience there. I recommend the same for the consultants visiting in the next phase.” ~Dr Eisha Tahir
Dr Maryam Riaz Tarar Representing Pakistan at the 36th Meeting of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional Commission for Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication.
Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences (SIHS) is proud to announce that Dr. Maryam R Tarar, Professor of Pathology, Convener Infection Prevention & Control Committee (IPCC), and frontline team leader in fighting COVID-19, was nominated by the government and World Health Organization (WHO) to represent Pakistan at the 36th meeting of the “Eastern-Mediterranean Regional Commission for Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication (EM/RCC).” The EM/RCC meets annually to discuss the data on polio eradication from 22 member states. The report to discuss this data is presented by National Certification Committee (NCC) Chair or a nominated member from each country. For this meeting held at Dusit Thani Hotel, Dubai, from 31st May to 2nd June, Prof. Tarar was nominated to present the Annual Progress Report for the year 2021 as a member of NCC Pakistan. The other team members comprised Pakistan WHO Team Lead Dr. Zainul Abedin Khan and National Poliovirus Surveillance Coordinator Dr. Shafique-ur-Rehman. The presentation covered five key subtopics: polio eradication strategies; the number of isolates of wild poliovirus (WPV) and vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) isolates; environmental surveillance network; surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases and poliovirus containment. The session on day 2 of the meeting provided to Pakistan and Afghanistan was one of the most extended and in-depth due to the endemic nature of poliomyelitis in the country. Prof Tarar received praise from WHO/EMRO Focal points/coordinator, Ms. Rasha Naguib, and other country representatives for her poise and speaking style as the “Face of Pakistan.” Prof. Maryam Tarar also attended the Training of the EM National Users (MoH Focal Persons/NCC) for Poliomyelitis Eradication – Electronic Annual Certification Reports System (e-ACR). This was mandated for chairs of NCC. This three-day course focused on providing the participants with all information necessary to report their findings from next year onwards digitally. As a representative of Pakistan, Professor Tarar will now act as a trainer for others in Pakistan on using eACR.
JULY- SARCOMA AWARENESS MONTH
Each year in the month of July, Awareness about this “Forgotten Cancer “is spread in the world. Sarcoma Awareness Month aims to highlight the extraordinary challenges that sarcoma patients face, and provides information about the need for more Sarcoma research and better Sarcoma therapies. Sarcoma makes up about 15% of childhood cancers. Early diagnosis can increase the risk of survival by 20% What should you know about Sarcoma? Sarcoma is a rare type of cancer originating from soft tissue. Sarcoma comprises many subtypes of cancer (bones, nerves, joints, muscles, fat, blood vessels). Our whole body is made up of tissue so it can arise anywhere in the body. Common Sub-types: – Bone sarcoma aka Osteosarcoma It is the primary bone cancer which commonly occurs in thigh, upper arm or shin. Its further subtypes includes Ewing’s Sarcoma, Chondroma and Chondrosarcoma – Soft tissue sarcomas This subtype can occur anywhere-inside and outside .It includes: GIST is a common type of sarcoma; it develops in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, anywhere from mouth to anus. Gynaecological sarcomas occur in female reproductive tract Fibrosarcomas in fibrous connective tissue Causes and Etiology: Exact causal factors and mechanism are not known yet, some factors tend to increase the risk of developing sarcoma which includes age, any other cancer, genetic conditions such as retinoblastoma, exposure to toxins etc. Presentation and Symptoms: Sarcoma very unapologetically represent itself as painless lump on the affected site. The other signs and symptoms range very widely. They can include: Weight loss Loss of appetite Fever Anemia Pain Local inflammation So if someone feels a set of symptoms, unexplained pain or even just a lump then it should be considered suspicious enough to get it checked immediately. Diagnosis: In order to confirm a diagnosis, a number of tests are needed to confirm soft tissue sarcoma. These include: Physical exam by your doctor Biopsy Imaging tests such as MRI, CT scan, X-rays. Treatment: Treatment selection is a very critical step and it involves multiple factors to be taken into consideration. Most commonly its SURGERY in which the cancerous part is excised and removed from body Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy are also used prior surgery to reduce the size of cancerous tissue so that the affected tissue can be easily removed. Our motive: Our mission is to amplify sarcoma awareness so that no sarcoma case causes undiagnosed till it reaches lethal stage. To tranform lives affected by sarcoma To inspire involvement and fund ground breaking research about sarcoma By Kashaf Naveed Team Content Writing SHALAMAR LITERARY SOCIETY SMDC, Lahore
The hike in the prices of female hygiene products
The problem at hand? Access to hygiene products is not a luxury but a basic necessity. Female hygiene products range from shampoos and shaving equipment to sanitary napkins and tampons. Unlike shampoo and shaving equipment, women cannot cut back on menstrual products. These essential products are not exempt from state taxes and are expensive for consumers with limited budgets. What is Period Poverty? Period poverty refers to the lack of access to menstrual products, education, and hygiene facilities. It is a widespread yet highly neglected issue worldwide, especially in Pakistan. In Pakistan, period poverty is not just a result of financial restrictions. A considerable part of the problem also takes root in the taboos surrounding menstruation; menstruating women are considered impure and dirty. Such social stigmas hinder women from accessing menstrual products and discussing their health and hygiene. What is the scope of menstrual education in Pakistan? According to U-Report, a flagship program of UNICEF, 49% of young girls in Pakistan barely have any knowledge of periods before their first cycle. Only 20% of them learn about menstruation in schools. To tackle the issue at hand, it is essential to understand that period poverty is not only a result of women’s financial restrictions but also socio-cultural norms that have made menstruation a taboo, a topic unfit for public discussion. It is socially unacceptable for young girls to access information about their menstrual and reproductive health. This lack of knowledge gives rise to and perpetuates many baseless myths. What are the consequences of period poverty? A US-based study revealed that an average woman spends around thirteen dollars per month on menstrual products. Women often lean towards unhealthy and non-sanitary practices like sharing rags and clothes, which results in urinary infections and other health conditions. The social stigma surrounding menstruation also causes young girls to develop low esteem, feelings of shame, and distress, limiting their day-to-day activities. Menstruating women are also subjected to social sanctions in certain cultures, such as being prohibited from touching certain foods. Since educational facilities lack menstrual supplies and have poor sanitation and hygienic facilities, girls on their period also avoid going to school, hindering their academic performance. What can be done? Communities must acknowledge that having access to menstrual products and information is not a privilege but a necessity. In a survey conducted on 2000 women, approximately half of the women faced period poverty, and 80 percent of them believed it was a genuine issue. Around 1200 claimed they had to budget to afford sanitary products. 70 percent of them demanded that government should supply free menstrual products. In November 2020, Scotland became the first country in the world to make sanitary products free of cost. Following their footsteps, period products should be available free of charge, especially in schools, colleges, and universities. Several initiatives have also sprung up to facilitate women in combating period poverty. One of these was Girlythings, an application that delivers menstrual products to women with disabilities at their doorsteps. They also supply an “Urgent Kit” that includes instant stain remover, sanitary napkins, and undergarments. Women’s fundamental right is to learn about something that dominates a significant part of their lives. Raising awareness about the use and importance of hygiene products, along with busting the myths and stigmas surrounding this very natural process, is necessary to end the taboo surrounding this issue. The Lokhandwala sisters started a women-led NGO, “Her Pakistan,” which conducts seminars and workshops in different institutes, especially in remote and underdeveloped areas. They aim to eradicate the misinformation and myths that surround menstruation. Initiatives such as these are highly effective, but steps on a much larger scale must be taken to make period poverty obsolete. Women must be empowered regarding their health to create an equitable community and lead lives to their fullest potential. Written by: Laiba Bilal – Marketing Intern Edited by: Eman Toosy (Team Content Review Shalamar Literary Society, SMDC)
The need for COVID-19 booster shots
The need for COVID-19 booster shots Problem at hand While Pakistan was one of the countries which were internationally appreciated for tackling the outbreak of the virus very well, the recent surge in COVID-19 cases has raised concerns among doctors. It is feared that hospitals will soon have to operate above their capacities to accommodate the increasing number of cases. It was advised by the Minister of National Health Services (NHS) at the NCOC meeting in Islamabad to administer booster doses in all the provinces and regions on a top priority basis to decline the rate of COVID-19 transmission. What is the booster shot? It is the dose of the vaccine received after the primary vaccination dose to maintain unassailable protection from coronavirus. Various types of vaccines now have boosters that are given to adults as well as children and pregnant women, which can help them protect their infants. The booster dose for COVID-19 should be received six months after the primary vaccine is received. Why should I get booster shots? COVID-19 booster shot significantly enhances your immunity that could have been reduced after your primary vaccination dose. A concrete safety from COVID-19 can only be ensured when you get all the recommended boosters. You can get the booster dose suitable according to your level of immunity from moderately to severely immunocompromised. Am I eligible for the booster dose? All individuals aged 12 years and older are advised to get one booster shot. Adults who are 50 years of age and above are recommended to get two booster shots. Additional booster shot is also offered for juveniles with weak immunity. Are there any side effects? There are no side effects; however, you may experience some symptoms, which merely means that your immune system reacts to the dose and develops protection against the virus. The symptoms may include temporary flu, chills, swollen lymph nodes, fever, minor body aches, headaches, or tiredness lasting for one to two days. It is essential to understand that these symptoms do not mean you are sick but it is your body developing immunity. What is the difference between a COVID-19 booster shot and an “Additional Dose”? A COVID-19 booster is given once the individual’s body receives the primary vaccine series, and the protection built against the virus has weakened with time. It, however, depends upon the original series one had, so the type of booster required varies. An additional dose is given to people with weak immune systems who are: Being treated for a cancer Have had an organ transplant or cell transplant within the last two years o On medicinal drugs that deteriorate the immunity Diagnosed with HIV o Have a high viral load o On drugs with high-dose steroids These extra doses enhance their immunity to the same level as that of a healthy individual. Children aged 6 months to 4 years usually require an extra dose, which primarily depends upon which vaccine was received. You may refer to your health care provider to refer you to the type of additional dose that your body may require. Where can I get my COVID-19 booster shot? To get your COVID-19 booster shot in Lahore, you may visit the following centers: Railway Dispensary (Walton Road) LDA Complex (Minar e Pakistan, Main Road) Pakistan Kidney Institute (DHA Phase 7) Lahore Medical and Dental College (Lahore Medical Housing Scheme) Central Park Medical Dental College (Central Park Housing Scheme) United Christian Hospital (Main boulevard Gulberg) Indus Hospital (Main GT Road) Fauji Foundation (Bedian Road) Ghaziabad Hospital (Kamharpura, Ghaziabad) PU Quaid e Azam New Complex (Canal Road) University of Engineering and Technology (GT Road, Bhagbanpura) University of Lahore Teaching Hospital (Bhubtian Chowk) Cairns Railway Hospital (Ghari Shahu) Government Hospital (Sodiwal Road) Railway Hospital (Shah Jehan Road) National Hospital (DHA Phase 1) Government Mian Mir Hospital (Mian Mir Data Darbar Road) Data Darbar Government Samnabad Hospital (Shadman Main Boulevard) Pilot School (Wahdat Road of block Iqbal Town) Wapda Hospital (Ferozpur Road) Istefaq Hospital (H block Model Town) Government Sawami Nigrai Hospital (Sowami Nigr Road, Tehzab Ihatah Sowami Nigr) Written by: Laiba Bilal – Marketing Intern Edited by: Aamina Sajid – General Secretary Shalamar Literary Society, SMDC
5 Illnesses Caused by Heat That You Should Know About
5 Illnesses Caused by Heat That You Should Know About As the month of May ends, cities across Pakistan continue to suffer from an intense heatwave, with temperatures in Lahore reaching above 40 degrees Celsius almost every day. Hospitals have reported an uptick in heat stroke victims, and recently the Pakistan army has set up heat stroke relief centers across the country. Heat stroke may be the most commonly known illness when it comes to hot weather, but there are many other kinds of heat related illnesses to look out for first, ranging from dehydration to heat rashes to heat exhaustion. To prevent these heat related illnesses, it is important to know what they are and what symptoms to look out for. Below is a list of 5 common heat-related illnesses we should know about, and how to make sure we can treat them. Heat rash Heat rash is one of the mild but common illnesses associated with hot weather. Often caused by excessive sweating, it is characterized as a skin irritation that often forms in areas where sweat gets trapped via clothing, such as the chest, armpits, elbows and groin. It can be uncomfortable and unsightly. To prevent heat rash, one should: Stay away from humid and hot conditions Try to prevent excessive sweating through applying deodorant and prickly-heat/talcum powder Avoid excessive use of creams and lotions Dehydration Often the first symptom of being overheated, dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it is replacing, leading to the body being unable to function at the proper capacity. Mild symptoms of dehydration include a dry mouth, less frequent urination of a darker yellow colour, dizziness and fatigue. More severe dehydration can lead to mental confusion, fever, and possible need for hospitalization. To prevent dehydration, one should: Drink plenty of fluids and have fruits such as watermelon, melon, cucumber, etc., with high fluid content Avoid staying in extremely hot areas that lead to excessive sweating If dehydration occurs, drink Oral Rehydration fluids which provide electrolytes Heat Cramps One of the mildest forms of heat-related illness, heat cramps are muscle-related spasms or jerks that usually occur when working/exercising in a hot area where you have to exert energy. These cramps are painful but usually short and go away on their own. To prevent heat cramps, one should: Be aware of when you need to work in a hot place, and hydrate yourself beforehand as well as while you are there Make sure there is a nearby cool area and access to oral rehydration liquids like ORS or Gatorade in case you begin to feel symptoms of cramping Heat Exhaustion Heat exhaustion occurs after the body is dehydrated and lacks electrolytes, and is unable to cool itself properly. It occurs after being in extreme heat and excessive sweating. Symptoms include headaches, nausea, dizziness, excessive sweating, and an elevated body temperature. If left untreated, heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke. To prevent heat exhaustion, one should: When in hot environments, make sure to wear loose fitting, lightweight clothing which allows your body to regulate its temperature easily Stay hydrated by drinking fluids Avoid exertion and prolonged exposure to hot environments Heat Stroke Heat stroke is the most common term used when it comes to heat-related illnesses — however, not everyone knows exactly what this illness is. The most severe of heat related illnesses, heat stroke occurs when the body is unable to control its temperature at all. Symptoms include a very high body temperature, failure to sweat to regulate temperature, confusion and disorientation, seizures and unconsciousness. To prevent heat stroke, one should: Stay hydrated Protect yourself from direct sunlight by wearing an umbrella or a cap. Wear loose, lightweight clothing and dampen the skin to allow the body to cool itself properly If you start to suffer heat cramps or heat exhaustion, get to a cooler, shaded spot right away and, if the situation doesn’t improve, call emergency services before you get heat stroke. If any of the above illnesses’ symptoms worsen, get to the nearest hospital as soon as possible. By knowing how our bodies respond to heat, we can keep track of our wellbeing as well as others. Stay hydrated and stay safe! Written by: Mashal Nadeem – Project Analyst at SIHS
Workshop on Research and Public Health Ethics – The Essentials
The department of Research & Innovation, Shalamar Medical & Dental College (SMDC) in collaboration with Centre of Biomedical Ethics and Culture (CBEC) organized two days’ workshop on “Research and Public Health Ethics-The Essentials.” The workshop was facilitated by Alumni of CBEC i.e. Prof. Aamir Jafarey, Ms. Sualeha Shekhani, Dr. Natasha Anwar and Dr. Mariam Hassan, and Dr. Farkhanda Ghafoor. The workshop focused on Ethical Governance, study designs & ethical issues, clinical trials, public health surveillance & public health research, data ownership and privacy concerns. It was attended by 28 registered participants, including members of scientific committee and ethical committee, faculty members, clinicians and research supervisors, from all disciplines of Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences. The participants were enthusiastic and rated the overall workshop as “Excellent”. They reflected that the workshop was a great learning experience which provided them a detailed insight on various aspects of research; they found it useful, informative and well planned. The interactive sessions were challenging as well as captivating as real time case studies were discussed. The participants found the real scenarios pretty helpful in dealing and solving many ethical issues while performing professional responsibilities. Moreover, the participants demanded such workshops to be conducted in future, if not on quarterly basis but at least biannually.
World Diabetes Day 2021
World Diabetes day is celebrated every year on 14th November for the awareness and prevention from diabetes. For this reason, SIDER (Sakina Institute of Diabetes and Endocrine Resarch) department of Shalamar Hospital in collaboration with Business Planning and Development department organized an awareness walk, seminar and free medical camp for the patients in which the patients were educated about preventive measures for diabetes. Patients were offered the facility of blood sugar test along with free medicines. The Chief Executive (CE) of Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences, Brig (Retd.) Anis Ahmed, Principal Shalamar Medical and Dental College (SMDC), Mr. Zahid Bashir, Chief Operating Officer (COO) Shalamar Hospital, Dr. Ayesha Nauman, In charge SIDER, Dr. Maria Javed attended the event along with various doctors, nurses and students of SMDC. Dr. Maria Javed addressing the seminar stressed upon the importance of an awareness campaign about prevention from diabetes which cannot be possible without government`s support. She further added that the prices of the medicines should be controlled so that the patients can easily consume them. Dr. Rozina Arshad told the audience about the SIDER department`s way of working. On this occasion, SIDER`s nutritionist Ms. Asma Shahid said that one of the major reasons of diabetes is unhealthy lifestyle. The Chief Guest of the seminar, Deputy Head of Mission from the German Ambassy, Dr. Philip Deichmann and Chairman Board of Trustees, Mr. Shahid Hussain also addressed the audience. The General Manager Marketing, Mr. Usman Suleman and In charge SIDER, Dr. Maria Javed thanked the pharmaceutical companies, staff members and other guests for their presence at the seminar and camp.